Siapa pengawal duit kita di bank?

Mohammad Faizal Che Yusof,

13 Ogs 2013

SETELAH beberapa hari berlalunya Syawal, kanak-kanaklah antara mereka yang paling gembira. Apa tidaknya. Syawal yang telah memasuki hari keenam pada hari ini tentunya mendatangkan rasa riang kepada mereka bila duit raya yang diperolehi dikira berulang kali menandakan senangnya rasa hati.

Kini anak-anak berkira-kira pula untuk membeli itu dan ini dan tidak kurang juga memujuk ibu ayah membawa mereka ke mana-mana institusi kewangan untuk mereka sendiri pergi menambah tabungan yang sedia ada. Nah, biarpun berulang kali masuk dan keluar bank, tentu ramai dari kita tidak pernah terfikir rahsia di sebalik duit tunai yang disimpan di bank-bank atau mana-mana institusi kewangan. Apa yang difahami umum, kita akan menyimpan bila ada lebihan dan mengeluarkannya bila ada keperluan.

Dalam sistem kewangan dan perbankan hari ini, mana-mana negara termasuklah Malaysia tertakluk pada satu dasar kewangan dan perbankan yang telah dipersetujui seluruh dunia. Timbullah persoalan, adakah Tabung Kewangan Antarabangsa (IMF) atau Bank Dunia itu merupakan pembuat dasar sebenar kewangan di peringkat antarabangsa? Dengan kata-kata lain, adakah kedua-dua ini bersifat bank pusat kepada dunia? 

Sering kali kita dengar bahawa apa saja projek mega, dua institusi diatasl akan menjadi buah bicara sebagai pembiaya. Projek itu dibiaya IMF, projek ini dibiaya oleh Bank Dunia dan ada juga kata-kata "kita terhimpit atau dianiayai dengan dasar kewangan dan perbankan oleh kedua-dua institusi ini".

Dakwaan-dakwaan terbabit seterusnya mendorong kepada kefahaman bahawa IMF dan Bank Dunia adalah bank pusat kepada dunia.

Broad Money Growth Stood At 8.5 Per Cent In June, Says BNM

KUALA LUMPUR, July 31 (Bernama) -- The annual growth in broad money (M3) moderated to 8.5 per cent in June 2013, said Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM).

The central bank said on a year-on-year basis, the slower expansion in M3 was driven by a more modest expansion in credit extended by the banking system to the private sector and a more moderate increase in net foreign assets, due in part to net portfolio outflows during the month.

"Net financing to the private sector grew at a slower pace of 9.1 per cent in June due to a moderation in the growth of both net issuances of private debt securities (PDS) and outstanding loans of the banking system," it said in a statement Wednesday.

BNM said the growth of business loans outstanding remained stable during the month with loans extended mainly to the finance, insurance and business services; education, health and others; agriculture and transportation, storage and communication sectors.

Loans outstanding to households, however, grew at a more moderate pace.

"The overall loan demand remained strong with sustained loan applications from both the business and household sectors," it said.

On the banking system, BNM said it remained well-capitalised under the Basel III Capital Adequacy Framework with the Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio, Tier 1 Capital Ratio and Total Capital Ratio at 11.7 per cent, 12.6 per cent and 13.8 per cent, respectively.

"The level of net impaired loans improved at 1.3 per cent of net loans, while the loan loss coverage remained at above 90 per cent," it said.

BNM said in June the ringgit depreciated against the currencies of Malaysia's major trading partners.

"The ringgit, together with other regional currencies, depreciated during the month, as news of the possibility of the tapering of monetary accommodation in the US and concerns over China's growth trajectory led to a withdrawal of funds from regional financial markets," it added.

In July, the ringgit continued to depreciate further against the currencies of Malaysia's major trading partners, with the exception of the Japanese yen, against which the ringgit appreciated, said BNM.

The international reserves of Bank Negara Malaysia stood at RM438.7 billion (equivalent to US$137.9 billion) as at July 15, 2013, sufficient to finance 9.6 months of retained imports and are 4.3 times the short-term external debt.

It said headline inflation, as measured by the annual percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), was stable at 1.8 per cent in June 2013 (May: 1.8 per cent).

source -- BERNAMA

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Revert to Gift Economic System

Contrary to popular conception, there is no evidence that societies relied primarily on barter before using money for trade. Instead, non-monetary societies operated largely along the principles of gift economics. When barter did in fact occur, it was usually between either complete strangers or would-be enemies.

The anthropologist Marshall Sahlins writes that Stone Age gift economies were, as evidenced by their nature as gift economies, economies of abundance, not scarcity, despite modern readers’ typical assumption of abject poverty.

Whilst Jonathan Dawson, head of economics at Schumacher College, writes that from an anthropological perspective, “economy and society are inseparable and that markets and money are relatively recent arrivals, a thin veneer layered onto a much older history of co-operation, gift and reciprocity.” 

Territorial conquests and colonization by alien military powers, saw Gift Economies being replaced by market economies based on commodity money. The period is marked by the emergence of city states and the rise of great empires in China, India and the Mediterranean, but was, in a way, connected with the advent of large-scale slavery and the use of coins to pay soldiers, together with the obligation enforced by the State for its subjects to pay its taxes in currency.

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